電力機具牽引機分類及懸掛方式有哪些？
作者：啟江電力
發布時間：2019-11-02 11:45:04
一、電力機具牽引機：
鐵(tie)路線電(dian)力機(ji)車(che)、工礦企業電(dian)力機(ji)車(che)、電(dian)力工程傳動系統內燃機(ji)車(che)和(he)各(ge)種電(dian)動車(che)輛（如電(dian)瓶車(che)、大城市電(dian)動車(che)、地(di)下鐵(tie)道電(dian)動式車(che)子）上用以(yi)牽引的電(dian)機(ji)。
中文名字：牽引(yin)(yin)(yin)機(ji)(ji)(ji)；主要用途：各種各樣(yang)大中型電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的牽引(yin)(yin)(yin)功效(xiao)；分 類：牽引(yin)(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)、牽引(yin)(yin)(yin)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、輔(fu)助工(gong)具(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)輔(fu)助工(gong)具(ju)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器設備、履帶式(shi)(shi)氣動式(shi)(shi)光纜牽引(yin)(yin)(yin)機(ji)(ji)(ji)；懸(xuan)(xuan)掛方法：抱軸式(shi)(shi)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛或半懸(xuan)(xuan)掛；難題：直流和(he)脈流牽引(yin)(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的“轉為(wei)”。
二、牽引電動機詳細介紹：
在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)機(ji)車或動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車里用(yong)以(yi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器一根或幾顆動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)軸的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)有(you)各種類型，如直流(liu)牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)、溝(gou)(gou)通交(jiao)流(liu)多線程牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)和溝(gou)(gou)通交(jiao)流(liu)同歩牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)等(deng)。直流(liu)牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)是(shi)(shi)直流(liu)串勵電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)有(you)不(bu)錯變速特性(xing)(xing)與工作特點(dian)，融(rong)入電(dian)(dian)力(li)機(ji)車牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)特點(dian)的(de)必須，得到市場應(ying)用(yong)。 牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)原理與一般直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)同樣，但是(shi)(shi)獨(du)特的(de)工作中標準(zhun)：室內(nei)空間規格遭受護軌(gui)和主動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)直經(jing)的(de)限(xian)定(ding)；在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)機(ji)車運作根據軌(gui)縫和道岔時要(yao)(yao)承擔非常大的(de)沖擊性(xing)(xing)震動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；大、傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)齒輪(lun)齒合欠佳時電(dian)(dian)樞上面(mian)造成明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)扭曲震動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong);在(zai)極端(duan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)環(huan)境中應(ying)用(yong)，雨、雪、灰沙非常容易入侵等(deng)。因而牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)在(zai)設計方案(an)和構造上也是(shi)(shi)很多規定(ding)，若(ruo)想(xiang)靈活運用(yong)人體室內(nei)空間使結構緊(jin)湊，要(yao)(yao)選用(yong)高級的(de)絕緣層材(cai)料(liao)和導(dao)磁原材(cai)料(liao)，零部件(jian)須要(yao)(yao)較高的(de)沖擊韌性(xing)(xing)和彎曲剛(gang)度，整(zheng)臺電(dian)(dian)機(ji)須要(yao)(yao)優良的(de)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)通風熱(re)管散(san)熱(re)標準(zhun)和防污防濕工作能力(li)，要(yao)(yao)采用(yong)獨(du)特的(de)對(dui)策以(yi)應(ying)對(dui)較為艱難的(de)“換相”標準(zhun)以(yi)降低炭刷下的(de)火苗等(deng)。
三、牽引(yin)發電機詳細介紹：
1、專(zhuan)用(yong)型于電(dian)(dian)力工程(cheng)傳動(dong)(dong)系統(tong)內燃機(ji)(ji)車，以供(gong)求(qiu)平(ping)衡牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)力工程(cheng)的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，稱為(wei)主(zhu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)有直流(liu)(liu)(liu)和溝(gou)(gou)通交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)二(er)種。直流(liu)(liu)(liu)牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)立即向直流(liu)(liu)(liu)牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。溝(gou)(gou)通交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)傳出的(de)三(san)相交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)經硅整流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)后再向直流(liu)(liu)(liu)牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。溝(gou)(gou)通交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逆變電(dian)(dian)路是三(san)相的(de)，變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)盡管有脈動(dong)(dong)，但脈動(dong)(dong)量較為(wei)小(xiao)，因(yin)而牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)還(huan)被覺得是一般的(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)；
2、輔(fu)助工(gong)具(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力機(ji)(ji)車上的輔(fu)助工(gong)具(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)能用(yong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，也(ye)能用(yong)三(san)(san)相(xiang)溝(gou)通交流異步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。用(yong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)做為(wei)輔(fu)助工(gong)具(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)時，須由專用(yong)型的硅整(zheng)流器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。用(yong)三(san)(san)相(xiang)溝(gou)通交流多線程輔(fu)助工(gong)具(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)時，須由靜止(zhi)不動(dong)(dong)變著法子、直流變頻設備(bei)或專用(yong)型的轉動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供求平(ping)衡三(san)(san)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。這類(lei)專用(yong)型的轉動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)稱之為(wei)劈相(xiang)機(ji)(ji)，能夠把單相(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變成三(san)(san)相(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
2、輔(fu)助工(gong)具(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力機(ji)(ji)車上的輔(fu)助工(gong)具(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)能用(yong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，也(ye)能用(yong)三(san)(san)相(xiang)溝(gou)通交流異步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。用(yong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)做為(wei)輔(fu)助工(gong)具(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)時，須由專用(yong)型的硅整(zheng)流器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。用(yong)三(san)(san)相(xiang)溝(gou)通交流多線程輔(fu)助工(gong)具(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)時，須由靜止(zhi)不動(dong)(dong)變著法子、直流變頻設備(bei)或專用(yong)型的轉動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供求平(ping)衡三(san)(san)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。這類(lei)專用(yong)型的轉動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)稱之為(wei)劈相(xiang)機(ji)(ji)，能夠把單相(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變成三(san)(san)相(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
四、電力機具牽引機有兩種懸掛方法：
1、一(yi)種是牽(qian)引電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機和(he)(he)動(dong)(dong)輪軸(zhou)聯(lian)接的懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)方法，稱之為抱軸(zhou)式懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)或半懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)。選用(yong)這(zhe)類(lei)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)方法時，主動(dong)(dong)輪根據軌縫和(he)(he)道岔所造成的沖擊(ji)性(xing)震動(dong)(dong)會立即(ji)發送給(gei)牽(qian)引電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機。抱軸(zhou)式懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)適用(yong)構(gou)造速率小(xiao)于120千(qian)米(mi)/鐘(zhong)頭的機車車輛(liang)。另(ling)一(yi)種是架(jia)承式懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)(或稱全(quan)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua))。選用(yong)這(zhe)類(lei)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)方法時牽(qian)引電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機固定不動(dong)(dong)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)在(zai)轉向(xiang)架(jia)架(jia)構(gou)上，在(zai)牽(qian)引電(dian)機轉軸(zhou)端和(he)(he)小(xiao)、大(da)齒輪中(zhong)間添加各(ge)種各(ge)樣延展性(xing)聯(lian)接元器件，以減少沖擊(ji)性(xing)震動(dong)(dong)的危害(hai)。架(jia)承式懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)適用(yong)構(gou)造速率高過120千(qian)米(mi)/鐘(zhong)頭的機車車輛(liang)；
2、在(zai)用(yong)牽(qian)(qian)引(yin)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)降血壓(ya)經硅整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)或大功率(lv)晶閘管變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)后供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)給(gei)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)串勵牽(qian)(qian)引(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)時，加進牽(qian)(qian)引(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)里(li)的工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為脈(mo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，因(yin)而這類牽(qian)(qian)引(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)稱(cheng)之為脈(mo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)牽(qian)(qian)引(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)。功率(lv)脈(mo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)牽(qian)(qian)引(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的“換(huan)相”標(biao)準更為艱(jian)難。除(chu)此之外(wai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)內部也(ye)有一(yi)些額(e)外(wai)耗(hao)損，進而造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)溫度，因(yin)而，脈(mo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)牽(qian)(qian)引(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)設計方案和構造上(shang)也(ye)要采用(yong)一(yi)定(ding)的獨特對策(ce)，以處理(li)“換(huan)相”和溫度2個凸出(chu)的難題。
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